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Efficient Yarn-Based Cloth with Adaptive Contact Linearization

Jonathan M. Kaldor, Doug L. James, Steve Marschner

SIGGRAPHAcademicCFX

Adaptive contact linearization for yarn-yarn penalty forces in knitted cloth, exploiting temporal coherence to reduce contact solve cost substantially.

Abstract

Yarn-based cloth simulation can improve visual quality but at high computational costs due to the reliance on numerous persistent yarn-yarn contacts to generate material behavior. Finding so many contacts in densely interlinked geometry is a pathological case for traditional collision detection, and the sheer number of contact interactions makes contact processing the simulation bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a method for approximating penalty-based contact forces in yarn-yarn collisions by computing the exact contact response at one time step, then using a rotated linear force model to approximate forces in nearby deformed configurations. Because contacts internal to the cloth exhibit good temporal coherence, sufficient accuracy can be obtained with infrequent updates to the approximation, which are done adaptively in space and time. Furthermore, by tracking contact models we reduce the time to detect new contacts. The end result is a 7- to 9-fold speedup in contact processing and a 4- to 5-fold overall speedup, enabling simulation of character-scale garments.

How to read this

Category
Method: an acceleration technique for yarn-level cloth simulation
Contributions
  • Adaptive contact linearization that computes exact contact response at one step then approximates forces in nearby configurations with a rotated linear force model
  • Exploitation of temporal coherence of internal contacts so the approximation is updated only infrequently, adaptively in space and time
  • Contact-model tracking that reduces detection time, yielding a 7-9x speedup in contact processing and 4-5x overall, enabling character-scale garments
Context
Directly extends yarn-level cloth simulation (Kaldor et al., Simulating Knitted Cloth at the Yarn Level) by attacking the contact-processing bottleneck in densely interlinked geometry.Builds on: Simulating Knitted Cloth at the Yarn Level
Correctness
The key assumption is that internal cloth contacts deform with enough temporal coherence that a linearized force model stays accurate between infrequent updates; readers should note the approximation is validated on knitted character garments and accuracy depends on how adaptively updates are scheduled.
Clarity
Moderately technical; a first pass conveys the linearize-and-reuse idea, do a second pass for the rotated linear force model and the adaptive update criteria.
How to read it
Focus on why yarn-yarn contact is the bottleneck and on the rotated linear force approximation; a second pass on the adaptive update scheduling pays off if you care about the accuracy/speed trade-off.

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