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Muscle and Fascia Simulation with Extended Position Based Dynamics
Extends XPBD to muscle fibers and fascia constraints, enabling fast controllable character muscle and superficial fascia simulation without FEM complexity.
Abstract
Recent research on muscle and fascia simulation for visual effects relies on numerical methods such as the finite element method or finite volume method. These approaches produce realistic results, but require high computational time and are complex to set up. On the other hand, position‐based dynamics offers a fast and controllable solution to simulate surfaces and volumes, but there is no literature on how to implement constraints that could be used to realistically simulate muscles and fascia for digital creatures with this method. In this paper, we extend the current state‐of‐the‐art in Position‐Based Dynamics to efficiently compute realistic skeletal muscle and superficial fascia simulation. In particular, we embed muscle fibres in the solver by adding an anisotropic component to the distance constraints between mesh points and apply overpressure to realistically model muscle volume changes under contraction. In addition, we also define a modified distance constraint for the fascia that allows compression and enables the user to scale the constraint's original distance to gain elastic potential at rest. Finally, we propose a modification of the extended position‐based dynamics algorithm to properly compute different sets of constraints and describe other details for proper simulation of character's muscle and fascia dynamics.
How to read this
- Category
- Method: a muscle and fascia simulation technique
- Contributions
- Extends Position-Based Dynamics with anisotropic distance constraints to embed muscle fibres
- Adds overpressure to model muscle volume change under contraction, plus a modified compressible distance constraint for fascia
- Offers a fast, controllable alternative to FEM/FVM for digital-creature muscle and superficial fascia
- Context
- Builds directly on Macklin et al.'s XPBD (compliant constrained dynamics), bringing muscle/fascia behavior into the position-based-dynamics family rather than the finite-element/finite-volume tradition.Builds on: XPBD: Position-Based Simulation of Compliant Constrained Dynamics
- Correctness
- Trades the physical fidelity of FEM/FVM for speed and artist control; the constraints are engineered approximations of fibre anisotropy and volume preservation, so results are plausible and controllable rather than biomechanically exact.
- Clarity
- Accessible if you already know PBD/XPBD; the constraint derivations reward a focused second pass.
- How to read it
- First pass to grasp how fibre anisotropy and overpressure map onto distance constraints; second pass on the constraint math and the XPBD modification if you intend to implement it.
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Related work
- Smeat: ADMM Based Tools for Character Deformation 2018 / SIGGRAPH Asia Technical Briefs
- Art-Directed Muscle Simulation for High-End Facial Animation 2016 / SCA
- Active Volumetric Musculoskeletal Systems 2014 / SIGGRAPH
- Flesh, Flab, and Fascia Simulation on Zootopia 2016 / SIGGRAPH
Keywords
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